Do all kinds of volunteers have to go through a research project on apomorphine, when it is know that is is being used succesfully in Europe for at least the last 10-15 years. It is disappointing that objective data from other countries are not taken seriously. Again, there will be a delay for approval for a drug that works great for freezing episodes and deep off periods. In Europe we even use apomorphine pumps (which by the way is distributed by an American company Eli Lilly) to overcome nasty off periods, and it works immediately. Major side effect: nausea. Treatment for nausea domperidone (Motilium) another drug I believe is not available in the US. Chris van der Linden