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Carole Hercun wrote: > Hi Joe: Interested in these alternative delivery > systems for levodopa. Can you post some references? I learned about the pump from our late and sorely missed listmember Alan Bonander, who wore one to cope with the problem of dosage. As PD advances, the 'therapeutic window' between too much (dyskinesia) and too little (dystonia, rigidity) seems to shrink, and the continuous infusion pump offered Alan a temporary respite. The citation about injectable levodopa ethylester (CSR APR 96) is below. As to the skin patch, I can't find the citation, perhaps I just heard it at some local seminar, or (egad! cognitive decline so soon!) I could be mistaken. Djalderti R, Melamed E; Ann Neur 1996;39:400-404: A hindrance to levodopa absorption is its poor solubility. A new precursor, levodopa ethylester (LDEE) injected subcutaneous or intra-muscularly is well tolerated, reduces off-on fluctuations, and avoids side effects of oral administration. Cheers, Joe -- J. R. Bruman (818) 789-3694 3527 Cody Road Sherman Oaks, CA 91403-5013