Dear Don, You are absolutely right about the use of micro-elctrode recording during DBS surgery. Most centers may use it also for research purposes. The drawback is that this will take a ling time, which for the patient is a pain, because the surgery lasts much longer. For the neurologist attending the surgery it is also more difficult because the patient gets tired and the cooperation of the patient diminishes over time, so that a good clinical assessment may not be possible. I know of one center where some surgeries lasted from 8 in the morning until 5 o'clock the next morning. This should be avoided. Greetings, Chris