Bruce, you just post it like you send any email but to 
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Rayilyn Brown
Board Member AZNPF
Arizona Chapter National Parkinson's Foundation
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  ----- Original Message ----- 
  From: [log in to unmask] 
  To: rayilynlee 
  Sent: Tuesday, November 27, 2007 11:23 AM
  Subject: Re: PD cause theory


  ----- Original Message -----
  From: rayilynlee <[log in to unmask]>
  Date: Tuesday, November 27, 2007 12:26 pm
  Subject: Re: PD cause theory
  To: [log in to unmask]

  > Bruce, yes, it is interesting.  Do you want me to post it 
  > on PIEN?

  Yes, please. What is the usual procedure to post items/questions ?
  Thanks, 
  Bruce


  > Ray
  > Rayilyn Brown
  > Board Member AZNPF
  > Arizona Chapter National Parkinson's Foundation
  > [log in to unmask]
  >   ----- Original Message ----- 
  >   From: [log in to unmask] 
  >   To: [log in to unmask] 
  >   Sent: Monday, November 26, 2007 12:54 PM
  >   Subject: PD cause theory
  > 
  > 
  >   This review article (see abstract below) on the potential 
  > cause(s) of PD makes very interesting reading - Bruce
  > 
  >   Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2007 Dec;33(6):599-614. Epub 
  > 2007 Oct 24.
  >   Parkinson's disease: a dual-hit hypothesis.
  >   Hawkes CH, Del Tredici K, Braak H.
  >   Essex Neuroscience Centre, Queen's Hospital, Romford, 
  > Essex UK.
  > 
  >       Accumulating evidence suggests 
  > that sporadic Parkinson's disease has a long prodromal period 
  > during which several non-motor features develop, in particular, 
  > impairment of olfaction, vagal dysfunction and sleep disorder. 
  > Early sites of Lewy pathology are the olfactory bulb and enteric 
  > plexus of the stomach. We propose that a neurotropic pathogen, 
  > probably viral, enters the brain via two routes: (i) nasal, with 
  > anterograde progression into the temporal lobe; and (ii) 
  > gastric, secondary to swallowing of nasal secretions in saliva. 
  > These secretions might contain a neurotropic pathogen that, 
  > after penetration of the epithelial lining, could enter axons of 
  > the Meissner's plexus and, via transsynaptic transmission, reach 
  > the preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurones of the vagus 
  > nerve. This would allow retrograde transport into the medulla 
  > and, from here, into the pons and midbrain until the substantia 
  > nigra is reached and typical aspects of disease commence. 
  > Evidence for this theory from the perspective of olfactory and 
  > autonomic dysfunction is reviewed, and the possible routes of 
  > pathogenic invasion are considered. It is concluded that the 
  > most parsimonious explanation for the initial events of sporadic 
  > Parkinson's disease is pathogenic access to the brain through 
  > the stomach and nose - hence the term 'dual-hit'.
  > 

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